Business External Environmental Assessment Assignment

Business External Environmental Assessment - Assignment Example According to the report findings the political environment is constituted by elected leaders and the policies they introduce. These policies could be aimed at regulating business through a range of business and corporate policies, amending the taxation system, protecting the environment, and customer protection. These factors are mainly controlled by the political class through legislations. Economic environment makes the most sense of all the factors. Comcast Corporation must always scan the economic environment to check how stable the economy is at any given time. Another aspect of the economic environment that must be investigated is whether disposable incomes of existing and potential customers is rising or declining. The extent of globalization and competition in the telecommunication and mass media industries too must be checked. The level of competition may be checked by determining if the market share is growing or shrinking.From this paper it is clear that  socio-cultural aspects of the environment in which Comcast operates entails issues like the population growth trend and the accompanying growth in the number of customers. Generational social attitudes and the society’s levels of education, health and social mobility also influence Comcast’s business decisions and industry standing.  These socio-cultural issues must be looked into after every predetermined lengths of time.

Strategic Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Strategic Financial Management - Essay Example The market prices absorb the security prices rapidly, as early as the information on the organisations is available in the market. As per the efficient market hypothesis, the market efficiency refers to both the magnitude and direction of the price amendments. This is done by absorbing the new information available in the market. Different intensities of the market efficiency have led the capital markets to be segmented into different efficiency forms. The efficiency level of an efficient market can be of three types; weak form efficiency, semi strong form efficiency. Capital markets have weak form efficiency of the current securities prices in it reflect certain historical information. The semi strong efficient markets reflect the past price movement in the securities and at the same time represent all currently available public information. The strong form capital markets reflect all the public and privately available information related to the securities. However, the analysis her e would consider the characteristics and behaviour of the strong efficient capital market. One of the typical financing decisions of a firm includes decisions on the issuance of the equity and debt securities. The implication of an efficient capital market means that the market prices reflect all the available information needed to have a fair pricing of all the existing securities. As the purchasing and selling of securities take place at the prevailing market price, the transaction would never result in a positive net present value.

The Last Night Of Ballyhoo - Production Critique Essay -- essays resea

This paper is a critique of a production of The Last Night of Ballyhoo, a play written by Alfred Uhry, which was performed and produced by the Ball State University Theatre. Gilbert L. Bloom directed the production and was very successful with producing a truly entertaining, comedic play with an important message about the personal dilemmas that we as individuals with different beliefs and values must encounter in our daily lives. All elements of the production were wonderfully implemented making The Last Night of Ballyhoo quite a success. The performers were perfect for the roles in which they were cast. For example, Lala’s (Erin Rae Lengkeek) character is supposed to be a romantic dreamer and very childlike. The actress who portrayed Lala did an excellent job even her voice and attitude were quite appropriate for the role. Likewise, the actress who played Sunny (Jennie L. Keller) also did a fabulous job of portraying her character. Sunny’s character had a more mature attitude and therefore presented herself in a more adult manner then her cousin Lala. Her physical features also differed from Lala’s; Sunny was tall, broad and had an assertive voice. Lala on the other hand was shorter, looked to have had a bit of baby fat left on her frame and had a childish voice. The other characters also were well cast for their roles, for example Peachy (Matthew Hickman) was described to the audience a s having bright red hair and was portrayed though his telephone conversation with Lala as having a joking, wisecracking attitude. And sure enough when Peachy made his first appearance all these characteristics could be seen. Lala, Sunny and Peachy are just a few of the characters that were cast in the play. Be assured, however, that all the others were also suitably cast for their roles in the production. Thus, making the character selection only one of the key elements in the production’s success. When it came to the dialogue of the production and the understanding of it the performers again did an excellent job. Their gestures and vocal elements all aided in the production’s success and were all fittingly used by the characters. For example, when Lala was talking on the phone with Peachy she casually twirled the phone cord in her hand, leaned against the banister and childishly flirted with Peachy. When it came to sound quality all characters projected their voices... ... down the stairs, wearing her green Scarlet O’Hara dress and the theme from Gone with the Wind was playing the lighting on the set made it look as if she was in a dream like state. The lighting was also very effectively used to show the coming and going of cars on the set. The reflection of lights on the front door of the house were used resemble those of an automobile. Even the final scene had just enough absence of light that the shadows of the characters could be seen sitting around the dinner table and praying by candlelight. At the very end of the performance the candles were extinguished consuming the set in blackness in turn signifying the end of the production. My mother went and viewed the performance of The Last Night of Ballyhoo the night before I did. She acquainted me with the meaning of Ballyhoo and the plot of the play. She stated that the play was well done and I would enjoy it. I don’t believe I have seen I better play this year. It was wonderfully put together and very funny and I’m not just saying that because the director is my theatre instructor. I wish I hadn’t seen the play on the last night of the performance, because I would have loved to see it again.

Overuse of Caesarean section Essay

Over the past 20 years the rate of Cesarean sections (C-sections) births has risen. In these past years the rate of women having C-sections is one out of three. And they are not all due to a medical reasons. The question that comes to my mind is why? Well there are several factors that play a part in answering this question. To touch on just a few; First, I believe that we have become a society of convenience. Women want to plan their deliveries so it can be worked into their schedules instead of natural childbirth. Some research suggests that the labor interventions that are widely used make a C-section more likely. Another factor would be high risk women, many women are not seeking the prenatal care they need to deliver healthy babies, they are either from low income families, or are very young and aren’t aware of the prenatal care that is required while pregnant. In either case the lack of care to the mother and unborn child causes health issues for both of them. Which leads to having a caesarean section. While these issues can cause an over worked medical staff it is also miss use for a medical procedure that puts the mothers and unborn child at high risk for future health risks. Such as: life threating complications can include excess bleeding, blood clots and can even cause a future pregnancy to develop outside of the uterus. Babies born by C-sections have a chance of being cut during the procedure, they are less likely to latch on to the mother for breast feeding, or the mother may not be able to breastfeed due to the drugs used during the C-section. While there are definitely some medical advantages for having C-section. Such was the case for myself. While pregnant with my first child I was very healthy during the beginning of my pregnancy and followed my doctor’s orders, it wasn’t until my doctor on a routine checkup realized that my reflexes were extremely slow to respond and my blood pressure was on a steady rise. I was at 361/2 weeks at the time of this diagnosis and was put on bed rest and a diet of no salt. I was schedule a follow appointment within 3 days. I met with my doctor three days later during my checkup they discovered my reflexes to be non-responsive and my blood pressure to be extremely high. I was admitted to the hospital that afternoon with a condition called Toxemia,  and was schedule to have a C-section first thing the next morning. There was no other option for me as my liver and kidneys were on the verge of failing and my unborn child was in distress. Having a C-section was an advantage to me and the medical staff. The team of nurses and staff of the hospital were aware of my condition before I arrive and were well prepared for me. Which I believed helped in giving me and my child the best care possible. I believe that if women are having C-sections for legitimate health reasons there are many advantages for the patients and the medical staff that will be treating them. However C-sections should not be used for the convenience of one’s own personal gains and reasons. It puts a burden on the hospitals and the medical staff that works in them.

Finance Assignment - 1755 Words

Assignment 1 Q1.) (5 points) $50 today is worth MORE than $50 tomorrow.(Tell True or False) Q2.) $100 invested for 10 years at 12% interest is worth more in FV terms than $200 invested for 10 years at 4% interest. (Tell True or False) Q3.) Shawn wants to buy a new telescope. He estimates that it will take him one year to save the money and that the telescope will cost $200. At an interest rate of 6%, how much does Shawn need to set aside today to purchase the telescope in one year? Q4.)Johnny and Darren both earn $100 working on their respective neighbors big farms. Johnny puts his $100 in the piggy bank that his parents gave him to encourage him to save. Darren puts his money in a savings account his parents set up for him. The savings†¦show more content†¦The stated annual interest rate is 12%, but interest is compounded monthly and he will make monthly payments. The effective annual interest rate (EAR) of the loan is less than 12%. True False Question 2 (5 points) Gloria is 35 and trying to plan for retirement. She has put a budget together and plans to save $4,800 per year, starting at the end of this year, in a retirement fund until she is 65. Assume that she can make 7% on her account. How much will she have for retirement at age 65? 499245 144000 453412 345514 Question 3 (5 points) Dominique has just turned 65 and she has deposited her annual payment of $20,000 into her retirement account. She made her first such saving deposit into this fund on her 35th birthday. Dominique has also retired and wants to figure out how much money she has in her retirement account for her retired life. You are Dominiques friend who knows finance. How much is Dominiques savings worth today given that the fund has earned an annual return of 5.5%? (Enter just the number without the $ sign or a comma; round off decimals.) Answer for Question 3 Question 4 (5 points) Marcel has just graduated from college and has found a job that will pay him $25,000 per year at the end of each year, but the job is only for 5 years. He is not worried about that because he plans to do an MBA after gaining 5 years experience anyway. What is the value today of his 5-year salary assuming that the interest rate is 3%?Show MoreRelatedFinance Assignment1538 Words   |  7 Pages1 Question 1 (16 points) Carol Inc is considering the following three prices to charge customers for each of the candy packets they produce: i) $2.20 ii) $2.00 iii) $1.70 The relevant data for decision-making is below: Fixed Costs = $1200 Variable Costs = $0.50 per unit Calculate the following: a) The Breakeven Point for each price level b) Using price of $2.20 what would be the new breakeven point if (1) fixed costs decreased to $1000 all else remaining the same, (2) Variable costs increased toRead MoreEntrepreneurial Finance Assignment 12511 Words   |  11 PagesEntrepreneurial finance assignment 1 Problem 4.4. Introduction The CAPM model can be used to analyze the performance of a portfolio of investments. The model should be calculated by comparing the return of assets (Ri) minus the return of risk-free cash (Rf) of the fund against those numbers of a known index with historical data (Rm). With least-squares regression, a straight line has to be drawn through the points to finish the model. Alpha represents the point where the graph starts andRead MoreProject Finance Assignment2466 Words   |  10 PagesMain characteristics of project finance Project finance is a form of long term financing of infrastructure and industrial projects based upon the projected cash flows of the project rather than the balance sheets of the project sponsors. In most cases, a project financing structure involves a number of equity investors, the sponsors, as well as a group of banks or other lending institutions that provide loans to the operation. The loans are usually non-recourse loans, which are secured by theRead MoreCorporate Finance Assignment 1708 Words   |  3 Pagesstrong evidence that internal markets are more efficient than external markets.† Firms use internal capital because it is much easier for managers to use profits from previous years to finance their investments, management don ´t have to prove their investment decisions to investors. If management would need to finance investment with external capital, the cost of the capital would much higher than using internal capital. Issues would cause direct costs for (jà ¤rjestà ¤misestà ¤) and take time and effortRead MoreCommerce Assignment : Personal Finance852 Words   |  4 PagesCommerce Assignment: Personal Finance By Edmund Tan Contents Executive summary Page 3 Product 1 Page 4 Product 2 Page 5 Product 3 Page 6 Bibliography Page 7 Executive summary Nature of the organisation: Kadi Bank is an organisation that provides financial services to the public. The financial services that Kadi Bank currently provides are savings accounts, home loans and superannuation. It was founded in 2014 by Edmund Tan.Read MoreIssues in Applied Finance Financial Planning Assignment: Questions Answers1104 Words   |  5 PagesAFIN310 Issues in Applied Finance Financial Planning Assignment: Questions Answers General Questions 1. Is an introduction / executive summary and conclusion required? No. You are to answer each question and keep to a total maximum of 15 pages, excluding cover page. No marks will be provided for anything written on page 16 or beyond. Students are recommended to refer to the mark allocation when answering each question. 2. Is specific formatting required? Eg The font you can use is Calibri, sizeRead MoreWeek 3 Individual Assignment Fin/419 - Finance for Decision Making1390 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 3 Individual Assignments Finance for Decision Making FIN/419 January 30, 2012 Chapter 4: Problem 4-23 – Personal Finance Problem Funding your retirement - You plan to retire in exactly 20 years. Your goal is to create a fund that will allow you to receive $20,000 at the end of each year for the 30 years between retirement and death (a psychic told you would die exactly 30 years after you retire). You know that youRead MoreBus 650 Managerial Finance /Complete Class Assignments and Dqs15156 Words   |  61 PagesBUS 650 Managerial Finance /Complete Class Assignments and DQs Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/BUS%20650/bus-650-managerial-finance-complete-class-assignments-and-dqs Description BUS 650 Managerial Finance /Complete Class BUS 650 Week 1 DQ 1 The Role of Financial Management in a Firm Examine the role of management as it relates to finance in a corporation. In your post, discuss the role of management by addressing the following prompts: ExplainRead MoreFinance Assignments1084 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestment strategy. The value of this model lies in its ability to accurately predict the performance of an asset once its risk has been identified. This places those in charge of assessing risks very valuable and important in this entire process. Assignment 2 I have chosen Caterpillar Inc as a reference company to help describe the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This model incorporates historical data with risk analysis in order to help set prices for a given investment market. Certain numbersRead MoreFinance Assignment 13198 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿JWI 530: Financial Management I Academic Submissions and Evaluations Assignment 2: Management Accounting Application Due Week 10, Day 7 (Weight: 22.5%) In this assignment you will demonstrate your understanding of capital investment techniques by evaluating the following three case studies. The homework answers and all this homework help was offered at and you should not submit or make it your own. We provide homework answers at http://allhomeworktutors.com/ and the work may have already

Analyzing The Factors Influencing Teaching And Learning Essay

Assessment Unit standard 19022 Steven Dong Outcome 1 (A) (B) The structure outlined in (A) is quite detailed and person on each position can make full use of their position power to push the organization forward. While the current organization structure gives rise to the cumbersome staff, and it fails to distribute the human resources to each position. There are some recommendations for improving its effectiveness, such as increasing the marketing staff, setting up a full-time surveillance position and empowering the staff. (C) As a course designer, staff must be skillful in designing beneficial education program, be good at analyzing the factors influencing teaching and learning and know how to deal with each specific situation, how to design favorable activities for students and how to managing the whole class. As a course trainer, staff must be professional in the field he teaches. Also, he should have a favorable teaching method, have a way to attract students’ attention, be good at communicating with students and know how to combine the lesson with practice. As a career consultant, who helps students choose the career path, the staff must be fully skillful in understanding the job prospect, analyzing the students personality, familiar with all walks of life, data analysis and proposing constructive suggestion in career path. (D) (i) The staff can offer a sound education program at a diploma level, and diploma is every student’s final goal when entering into aShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement Of Teaching Philosophy979 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy M. Th. Hassan The student is the key element in the education process and teaching is in the heart of this process. The mentor should direct the student in his journey of study, and give him/her a clear space for creativity. My primary goal will be to help the students to think about their own thinking so they are able to recognize shortcomings and correct their reasoning as they go, as well as develop their skills, to be independent scholars. I am a lifelong learnerRead MoreTeaching Research Papers1624 Words   |  7 Pages The two research studies that I have found on teaching practices that support high-quality programming for children and families include an article on teacher-child interactions and a book called â€Å"Foundations and Best Practices in Early Childhood Education†. Each one of these research studies show different information on numerous ways teaching practices do support high-quality learning for the children and ways to support the families. The article covering child and teacher interactions was designedRead MoreThe Importance of Learning Materials in the Learning Process1538 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions worldwide successful teaching and learning is measured by academic performance. Academic performance refers to how well a student meets standards set out by education ministry and the institution itself. Academic performance is as a result of psychological, socio-economic and environmental factors (Syed Raza, 2006). It relates to a number of interacting factors among which is ethnicity, gender, age, learning abilities, learning support, motivation of learning and achievement as reflectedRead MoreFaculty Perceptions Of Satisfaction At A Small Research University Bolliger And Wasilik1387 Words   |  6 PagesTheme 2: Faculty Perceptions of Satisfaction Attributed to the increasing demand for effective virtual learning experiences in the realm of higher education, analyzing faculty members’ perceptions of satisfaction is equally as important as addressing student perceptions. Consequently, during the last decade research focused on the perceived satisfaction of higher education virtual instructors has increased tremendously (Bolliger Wasilik, 2009; Hogan McKnight, 2007; Menchaca Bekele, 2008; PandaRead MoreThe Greatest Challenge For American Higher Education1582 Words   |  7 Pagesbarriers students’ face, the factors that contribute to their persistence, and the role of the institution are all factors to be addressed. Teaching and assessment of developmental adults is similar to high school teaching and assessments. The principles remain the same for both groups. Learning how to incorporate teaching to engage, interest, and challenge students is the definitive goal. The best way to ensure meaningful, engaged lea rning is to use support programs (learning centers and tutoring labs)Read MoreThe Link Between Social Interactions Among Peers And School And Academic Outcomes For Over 40 Years Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy is to explain academic achievement by analyzing four factors: the peer pressure effect on students, gender, and student’s particular interest for education compared to their peers, and race and ethnicity. This research relates to social work in many ways. Social workers find this research important because during the adolescent stage, students are finding their own personal identity and their identity among their peers. Students are also learning how to socialize. They socialize with peersRead MoreThe Role Of Simulation For Nursing Education Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurred because of Aspect 1: Factors That Have Led to an Increase in Simulation in Nursing Education Appraising factors leading to an increase in the use of simulation for nursing education allows for understanding how to further develop the pedagogy used with simulation. Analyzing what has influenced its rise in use allows for insight and planning for future technology developments. Most of today’s nurses can recall only using low-fidelity mannequins in learning about basic nursing care. OneRead MoreWhat Qualities, Skills, Talents, And Experiences Of A Good Health Care Practitioner?1418 Words   |  6 Pagesdo you exhibit them? A physician must be well rounded in a variety of fields to provide effective care. First, an interest in learning scientific knowledge must be accompanied by the ability to translate that knowledge into methods of treatment. Because science is constantly changing and improving, a physician should be continuously expanding their scientific learning within and outside of their respective fields. Most of the coursework that I have taken reflects my interest in the intersectionRead MoreMaternal Role : Becoming A Mother1743 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the first year, their social supports and community factors that affect this relationship. Background Ramona T Mercer, born 1929, received a nursing diploma from Margaret’s School of Nursing in Montgomery, Alabama. (p.284) She later obtained a bachelor’s in nursing from the University of New Mexico in 1962 and her master’s degree in maternal- child nursing in 1973 from the University of Pittsburgh. (p.284) Her career led her to a teaching position in the Department of Family Health Care NursingRead MoreEvaluation Of The Educational Organization1818 Words   |  8 Pagesquality education to its students. One way to achieve the highest level of quality in higher education is by discovering knowledge for prediction on enrollment of students in a particular course, unfriendliness model in the traditional classroom teaching, recognition of unfair means used online examination, discovery of abnormal values in the result students leaves, prediction on the performance of students and so on. Knowledge is hidden among the set of educational data and can be extract by usin g

Case Study Supply Chain Management Essay - 2039 Words

Introduction â€Å"The best supply chains aren’t just fast and cost-effective. They are also agile and adaptable, and they ensure that all their companies’ interests stay aligned.† (Lee, 2004) Supply chain management or SCM is a series of interconnected and interdependent operational functions and decisions. It is the blend of art and science that goes into enhancing the company’s procedures in obtaining the raw materials it requires to create a product or service and distribute it to customers (Harland Jr, 2013). All successful e-commerce businesses have one strategy in common, that similarity is the emphasis on creating and developing supply chains that distributes products and services to customers as cheaply and fast as possible. Leading e-commerce business and enterprise continually invest on improving the speed and cost-reduction of their supply chains, in which implementing a supply chain management proves to be beneficial. Supply chains that are flexible, nimble, and aligned can deliver sustainable competitive advantage, which is crucial to successful e-commerce (Lee, 2004). This essay will discuss the statement ‘good supply chain management is key to successful e-commerce’ taking into account the main functions of supply chain management in relation to e-commerce businesses. It will also highlight several problems organisations face in implementing a good supply chain management system and how to overcome these drawbacks. Furthermore, the essay will include twoShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management : Case Study869 Words   |  4 PagesMicroeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communicationRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1182 Words   |  5 PagesSupply chain management is currently an important aspect in Management Information System. So much technology and brainpower have been used to improve the performance. In this decade electronic data interchange has made the process flexible, automatic warehousing and rapid logistics. Every organizations are trying to make their supply chain management more accurate using quick response, efficient customer response, mass customization, lean and agile manufa cturing. (Fisher, 1997) Value and rate ofRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1028 Words   |  5 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN RETIAL INDUSTRY: CONCEPTS, STRATEGIES AND WALMART CASE STUDY Mian Wang CID: 01090728 Imperial College Business School, MSc Management ABSTRACT With the rapid increase of operation cost and fast development of E-commence in today’s retail industry, traditional operation management models are antiquated. Companies attempt to enhance competitive capacity through management innovation, and an increasing amount of attention is paid to their supply chain management forRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1925 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant role in the Supply Chain Management sector of business, and majority of the companies involved in Supply Chain Management have adopted new and improve technologies to gain a competitive edge, and become leaders within their industry. Supply Chain Management has become one of the leading industries in business. Companies recognized that in order to get their products to retailers and consumers on a timely manner they have to implement successful Supply Chain Management strategies. CompaniesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3682 Words   |  15 Pages Strategic Supply Chain Management Mini Project Report Study of Supply Chain Management in Jewellery Industry of India Submitted by: Bhawana Saraf (2014PGP104) Prakhar Nagori (2014PGP121) Raghav Bhatnagar (2014PGP124) Vinay Jain (2014PGP142) Yashvardhan Kabra (2014PGP143) Title: A study of contemporary trends in supply chain management in Jewellery industry in India. Introduction: Jewellery Market of India India s gems and jewellery industry had a market size of Rs 251,000 crore (US$ 40Read MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3763 Words   |  16 PagesAND SUPPLY CHAIN TERM PAPER: DELL– SUPPLY CHAIN STUDY SRUJANA SACHIDANANDA KHOT RedID: 818471037 DATE: 4/27/2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dell is well known for its uniqueness and the innovativeness in its supply chain. They were the pioneers for selling the PC at the cheaper rates. They ranked 2nd in the computer distributors. The benchmark of their successful company was because of their unique Supply Chain Management which used the ‘Built – to – order’ and ‘Direct Sale Strategies’. Supply chainRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1151 Words   |  5 Pages Supply chain management The three major phases of the production network, acquisition, generation and circulation, have been overseen freely, cushioned by extensive inventories. Expanding focused weights, and business globalization are constraining firms to create supply chains that can rapidly react to client needs. To stay focused, these organizations must decrease working expenses while persistently enhancing client administration. With late advances in correspondences and data innovation, andRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1344 Words   |  6 PagesTo succeed in today’s competitive markets companies must learn to align their supply chains with the demand of the markets they serve. Supply chain performance is now a distinct competitive advantage for companies who excel in this area. Supply Chain Management(SCM) is defined as a set of approached utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities to the right locations and at the time in orderRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1040 Words   |  5 PagesSupply Chain Management covers a broad spectrum of jobs and responsibilities. It deals with the production, transportation, and distributions of goods. (National Career Service) The purpose of a supply chain manager is to make sure that these processes are done and documented correctly in an efficient manner. (Rutgers) An interview with a Distribution Manager at Kelloggs provided some insight on how their company does things. They have everything well organized in a way to streamline production processesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management943 Words   |  4 PagesWhen supply chain managers are brought together it is the common goal to focus on the process of getting the consumers product though the forward supply chain as quick and efficiently as possible. However, there is a need to focus on the scope of the returns process too. â€Å"Companies can no longer afford to treat reverse logistics management as an afterthought. It needs to be a core capability within the supply chain organization. For years, most shippers paid little attention to returns† (Dowlatshahi